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Old Pages/Electronics/AVR_Tutorial__Bootstrapping_the_AVR.md

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+So you want to program an AVR, but you don't have a programmer? Do you
+have a parallel port? Then fear not!
+
+The AVR chips are set up to flash their program memory through a serial
+connection with the host computer, so programming them is mostly a
+matter of getting the right lines to the chip, with the rest taken care
+of by the AVRdude software.
+
+The simplest way to get started is with one of the parallel-port
+"programmers". The basic procedure is to a) look at the docs for
+AVRdude's various parallel port adapters, b) look at the pinouts for the
+chip you're using, and c) wire the right pins on the parallel port to
+the right pins on your AVR.
+
+For instance, the DAPA (Direct AVR Parallel Access) "programmer" makes
+the following connections between the parallel port pins and the AVR:
+
+| Parallel Pin | AVR   |
+|--------------|-------|
+| 1            | SCK   |
+| 2            | MOSI  |
+| 11           | MISO  |
+| 16           | RESET |
+| 20           | GND   |
+| 21           | GND   |
+
+Connect the wires and test it out! Type **avrdude -n -v -p tiny13 -c
+dapa** and you should see your part recognized and the fuse settings
+displayed. (Make sure to substitute your part name for tiny13. Type
+**avrdude -p help** to see the list of supported parts.)
+
+For a much more complicated boot strap technique, there is the [secure
+bootloader](secure_bootloader "wikilink") that uses AES encrypted
+firmware images.
+
+[Category: AVR Tutorial](Category:_AVR_Tutorial "wikilink")