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Liz Cray
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Old Pages/Electronics/AVR_Microcontroller_Class_2009.md
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Syllabus, course material, homeworks, photos, etc from a previous
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Introduction to Microcontrollers with AVR chips class can be found here.
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For the current class, head on over to [AVR Microcontroller Class
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2011](AVR_Microcontroller_Class_2011 "wikilink")
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Also see (and contribute to) [Useful AVR
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Links](Useful_AVR_Links "wikilink")
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## Class 0: Introduction and Setup
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What the AVRs are, what all the pins do, what they can do for you. Then
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the toolchain: soldering together the programmer kits, getting the
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software up and running.
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Labs: building the kit and running a test LED flasher. (Almost all lab
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today, little talk.)
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**Resources**:
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- Slides from class: [Media:class0.pdf](Media:class0.pdf "wikilink")
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- ATmega48P Datasheets (get both): [ATmega48P Summary
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Datasheet](http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/8025S.pdf)
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and [The Long ATmega48P
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Datasheet](http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc8025.pdf)
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- Download the software part of the toolchain: For Mac folks: [AVR Mac
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Pack](http://www.obdev.at/products/avrmacpack/index.html). For Windows
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folks: [WinAVR](http://winavr.sourceforge.net/) and the Atmel IDE [AVR
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Studio](http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=2725).
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For Ubuntu linux folks: "sudo apt-get install build-essential avr-libc
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binutils-avr gcc-avr avrdude"
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- Programmer and mega48 pinouts:
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<img src="Screenshot-ATmega48-88-168.png"
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title="Screenshot-ATmega48-88-168.png" width="320"
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alt="Screenshot-ATmega48-88-168.png" />
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## Class 1: Programmer Hookup and Hello World LED Blinking
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Lecture on how the programmer works -- simple serial interface basics.
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Some basics on avrdude / GCC tools. Hook up the programming interface
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wire-by-wire to the Mega48 chip and flash it with a simple program. Then
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hook up an LED to the output port and watch it blink!
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**Resources**
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- [helloWorld.zip](http://elliotwilliams.org/avrclass/helloWorld.zip)
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<!-- -->
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- Class notes: [Media:class1.pdf](Media:class1.pdf "wikilink")
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<!-- -->
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- Wiring Diagram:
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<img src="wiring.png" title="wiring.png" width="520" alt="wiring.png" />
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**Homeworks**
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- Your kit has 10 resistors and 10 LEDs. If you want, you can solder
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them together to make \[AVR: LED Blinkenlights\].
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<!-- -->
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- If you didn't already, make labels for the signal wires. Think of an
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easy way to remember which go where (into the 6-pin or 10-pin header).
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And/or make permanent programmer "pigtails" by soldering the signal
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wires to a 2x3 header in the correct orientation (headers available in
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the HacDC hackersmart for pennies).
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<!-- -->
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- Play around with the delays in the LED_Demo.c code. Make the blinking
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faster or slower. Experiment with on time and off time.
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## Class 2: Outputs: Bit Math, Cylon Eyes, and PWM Fading
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How to make chips speak to the outside world, pin-by-pin. Enough C
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bitwise-math operations to make it work. Pulse-width modulation.
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Labs: Visualizing bytes, Cylon eyes, and dimming LED's. Extra credit:
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cross-fading cylon eyes!
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**Resources**
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- [registers.zip](http://elliotwilliams.org/avrclass/registers.zip)
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- [cylonEyes.zip](http://elliotwilliams.org/avrclass/cylonEyes.zip)
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- [introPWM.zip](http://elliotwilliams.org/avrclass/introPWM.zip)
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- Class notes: [Media:class2.pdf](Media:class2.pdf "wikilink")
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**Homework**
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- So you can make various lights blink and/or dim. Now what?
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Cross-fading cylon eyes? Patterns? Something groovy?
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<!-- -->
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- Note that you've got an 8-bit display if you're willing to read out
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numbers in binary. Useful for debugging later on, for sure. What else?
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Binary clock? Simple upcounter? Display "random" numbers?
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<!-- -->
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- If you could swing it around, you'd be on your way to a [POV
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toy](http://www.ladyada.net/make/minipov3/index.html).
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## Class 3: Inputs: Buttons
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Gather data from the world. The lecture ended up being just on digital
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input.
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Labs: One note organ [Media: class3.pdf](Media:_class3.pdf "wikilink")
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## Class 4: Inputs: Debouncing and Analog-to-Digital conversion (ADC)
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This class, we'll get to debouncing our button input, and reading in
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continuous voltages
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For more info on ADC stuff, see [this
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note](http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?module=Freaks%20Files&func=viewFile&id=383&showinfo=1)
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Labs: pushbutton organ, light-dependent theremin.
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[Media: class4.pdf](Media:_class4.pdf "wikilink")
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[Media:
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debouncedMusicbox.zip](Media:_debouncedMusicbox.zip "wikilink")
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[Media:
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lightDependentTheremin.zip](Media:_lightDependentTheremin.zip "wikilink")
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## Class 5: Serial I/O and Interrupts I
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Laptop, meet AVR. AVR, laptop. Serial communication (plus serial-to-USB
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cable) lets you connect your micro to about anything, including your
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computer. Interrupts let the hardware (pins, serial port, timers, etc)
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call run functions for you, with the main body of your code picking up
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where you left off. Combine the two, and you can get pushbutton control
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of an AVR from your laptop keyboard.
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[Media: helloSerial.zip](Media:_helloSerial.zip "wikilink")
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[Media: helloInterrupts.zip](Media:_helloInterrupts.zip "wikilink")
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[Media: class5.pdf](Media:_class5.pdf "wikilink")
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And as a bonus, if you run Python,
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[serialScope.py](http://www.jerkpile.com/serialScope.py) provides a
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helpful debugging tool and an example of how simple USB/Serial code can
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be on the laptop side. Coupled with on-chip ADC, it's a (low speed,
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sideways) serial oscilloscope. Otherwise, a handy debugging aide.
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**Homework:** Take the scale.h from last class, and using input from
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your laptop, make a full keyboard out of the AVR plus speaker. Or write
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a ROT-13 device that takes your input and returns the encoded version.
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## Class 6: Timers/Counters and Interrupts II
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Timers/counters let you do precision things with time. Fix up that nasty
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audio tone from the LDR theremin. Precise timing allows you to use LED's
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as light sensors. It's also good for making quality analog output and
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for directing servo motors. Interrupts + timers = deluxe PWM. Or give
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your AVR a solid internal timebase. (You know you want to.) In this
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class, we'll scratch the surface of what you can do with timers.
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[Media: timerPWM.zip](Media:_timerPWM.zip "wikilink")
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[Media:
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timerPWM_ctc_hardware_toggle.c](Media:_timerPWM_ctc_hardware_toggle.c "wikilink")
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## Extra Credit: I2C
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Talked a bit about the I2C serial protocol -- a light-weight serial
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multi-master bus using two wires (plus ground) and capable of addressing
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127 different devices. Great for connecting to all sorts of peripherals.
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Demoed an \$20 I2C 3-axis accelerometer using bare-minimum I2C code,
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with none of the error-checking that the pro's would do. But it works a
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charm. That's why it's called hacking, baby!
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[Media: i2c_class.pdf](Media:_i2c_class.pdf "wikilink")
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[Media: i2c_accelerometer.zip](Media:_i2c_accelerometer.zip "wikilink")
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[Category:AVR_Class](Category:AVR_Class "wikilink")
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